Identify the important examples and images of technology in the novel Essay

Identify the important examples and images of technology in the novel and to explain why they are important - Essay Example Rather an in-depth analysis of the inner meaning of the novel seems to be bound to exhume a more profound theme that includes technology revealed in a positively negative context. The question whether technology can bring about ultimate happiness has been continually explored throughout the whole novel. Here Huxley scathingly criticizes any regime that claims universal happiness for human being. He attempts to establish; if happiness is something to be pursued by human being, certainly it cannot be brought about by any genetic pre-program. Consequently the futility of the use of technology by the totalitarian authority to bring happiness is revealed in the claim of the savages: The right to grow old and ugly and impotent; the right to have syphilis and cancer; the right to have too little to eat; the right to be lousy; the right to live in constant apprehension of what may happen tomorrow; the right to catch typhoid; the right to be tortured by unspeakable pains of every kind. (Huxley, 240) In the novel Huxley continually manages to exploits the attention of his readers to the fact that happiness in the Brave New World derives from what technology is supposed to contribute to it, such as genetic engineering, mutation and biological advancements, Centrifugal Bumble-puppy and Obstacle Golf, pleasure drug, Soma, etc. One of the stunning aspects of this technology-equipped society is the limitless consumerism that satisfies only the hunger of carnal desires of human being. Consequently ‘Happiness’ in this society tolls the sacrifice of the most sacred shibboleths of human culture: â€Å"love†, â€Å"family†, â€Å"freedom†, â€Å"motherhood†, â€Å"home† etc. Controls in every sphere of life determine the individual existence of human being. Controls of technical pre-programs replace the moral restrictions of human that traditional religions of the world impose upon man, as Mustafa Mond says, â€Å"God isnt

Plath’s Daddy Essays: Language in Plath’s Daddy :: Plath Daddy Essays

Language in Plath’s Daddy The speaker of "Daddy" might be seen as our collective inner child, the voice of a world that has "fallen a long way." There is an implied gain in the poem -- of catharsis, liberation -- but "Daddy" is fundamentally a poem about loss. The speaker has finally and irrevocably disabused herself of the notion of a "recovered" childhood, the dream of "the waters off beautiful Nauset." There is no going "back, back, back" to some illusory idyllic existence, no way to make whole that "pretty red heart": the first oppressor in this poem is the unrealized past ("You died before I had time--"). The poem exemplifies this in its form, the nursery-rhyme sound, the ooh, ooh, ooh of the end rhymes, so jarring in contrast with its substance, its images of stark brutality. Childhood and innocence are corrupted herein by the inescapable internalization of "wars, wars, wars." Conventional images have undergone a desecration: "Not God but a swastika"; not father but devil; not husband but vampire. Langu age, rather than a means of connection, has become an obstacle, confining the self ("The tongue stuck in my jaw. / It stuck in a barb wire snare. Ich, ich, ich, ich . . . ") Language, as a conveyor of images, is itself the subject of this poem -- the "foot" in line three is as much metrical as it is metaphorical, one could argue. Plath's "Colossus," her apprenticeship in the Western poetic tradition, with this poem is junked in the "freakish Atlantic," just another thrown off oppressor. The language of this world has conveyed the speaker to a place of horrors: "obscene," it is "An engine, an engine / Chuffing me off like a Jew. / A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen." In this sense, Plath's appropriation of Holocaust imagery, much castigated, must be seen as subsequent to that imagery's appropriation of her -- and, by extension, of us all. Plath demonstrates in this poem that the horrors of history are fundamentally personal, that human history is simply personal! history writ large, that the brutalities of the age inform every childhood, that the notion of innocence is a sham, a game of cowboys and Indians, to use a less highly charged analogy, against a backdrop of the Trail of Tears.

Life at a Medieval University Essay

Life at a medieval university for clerics was in many regards similar to our present day college experience. When college was in session, life was basically split into two categories; life in the books, and life outside the books if you will. Scholars needed to focus their attention to the tasks at hand during learning hours. As we know today, the more time you spend studying, the better grades you’ll achieve. On the other hand, scholars needed a release from the daily grind of constant academic involvement. This may have included some popular pastimes such as drinking, gambling, and wreaking havoc downtown (nothing a modern student would do). The scholars experienced many of the problems that modern day collegians deal with as well. Some of these issues included finding the college that fits you best, shortages of funds, arguments with local residents, feuds with fellow clerics, and finding the path that would be fulfilling to them in their lives. There were only a few major differences being a life centered on religion and discussions based on theology, the fact that only males were accepted to study and the clothing that scholars wore. All in all, being at a university was for the betterment of the individual. Students back then had a similar motivation to go to school. By completing university study, you would achieve a higher status in society and live a better life. Another was to get out of a home town to see what else the world had to offer. College is the best time to explore because you’re housing and food are all accounted for. Wandering scholars took best advantage of this by traveling to different universities and getting a diverse education. One reason not many people went to school was because most were not privileged at this time (the literacy rate was very poor). Academic life was structured fairly well. Rules and rights were clearly laid out by the institution itself. Students were protected from harm by any member of the faculty, as they should be. In the â€Å"Royal Privileges Granted to the University of Paris by the King of France,† it is stated that â€Å"†¦neither our provost nor our judges shall lay hands on a student for any offence whatever; nor shall they place him in our prison, unless such a crime is committed by the student that he ought be arrested. † The article goes on to talk about how under the circumstances that the scholar is found to have committed a crime, he be handed over to an actual judge for further investigation. This shows that the university has governing powers within itself to a certain extent. If an encroachment can be resolved without going to the local or state government authorities, the scholar’s image can be protected. Even today we have University Police on campus who held regulate behavior on campuses, but do not have jurisdiction outside of the college campus. Clothing was another major aspect of scholarly life. Clerics wore long cloaks with nothing fancy that would make them stand out. Master teachers wore cloaks with the addition of a white stole. The stole was used to show status and authority over the rest of the student body. This seems to hint to the fact that all the scholars were on a level field of play, and it distinguished them from the rest of society. Typically our graduates of today’s colleges and universities adorn the traditional gowns when they receive their diploma. On a side note, I attended a private religious elementary school which enforced a policy of uniforms (shirt and tie for the guys, skirts for the girls). I believe that by wearing the same clothing as fellow students, people aren’t so concerned with what each other is wearing, and focus on learning. Religion played a major factor in medieval universities. As in my elementary experience of mass being part of the weekly routine, medieval universities had a major emphasis on religion. Robert de Sorbon tells us in his regulations that religious holidays will be followed strictly in the academic life. No meat would be allowed to be consumed on Advent and other days designated by the church. If you were at a university at this time, you would follow the religious standards, just as I could never get out of going to Friday mass at HGA. Nowadays, religion is a touchy topic. It is left to the discretion of the individual whether or not he or she wants to follow the practices and how closely. Church and state are now separated as to avoid major conflicts. Peter Abelard questions the theological teachings of medieval universities and is criticized for it. He says â€Å"Is God one, or no? † At this time scriptures were not to be questioned and were considered to be true. As we know now, science has become a major source of answers in society. Anyway, Abelard brings a whole new dimension to the table when he questions god’s existence and some of the things that the church stands for. The whole basis is to use logic and reason to ponder things in a philosophical fashion. This faith vs. reason debate involved Abelard and others who felt that god was in a persons being, or heart. Academia took up most of the students daily and weekly lives. Scholars took full advantage of down time to relax and enjoy themselves. Social life was the second major aspect of a cleric’s university experience. As we know, the student body greatly impacts the surrounding town’s economy; however social issues arise as well. When students and townspeople are in the same atmosphere, and drinking, fights are bound to break lose. These battles came to be known as â€Å"town and gown† ordeals. These were actually small wars where people would be killed! As many as three thousand students armed with weapons would flood the streets and begin fighting with townspeople, also armed with weapons. Students were also held fairly high in terms of their rights. This is what fueled most of the battles. The fact that a scholar was in progress of obtaining a degree made many seem untouchable, after all, they were going to make the world a better place with their elevated knowledge. Students were warned ahead of time by their proctors that there was a tension between the people of the town and the student body. Heavy drinking and gambling occurred frequently and poems were written as evidence. This served as a social release where students could let lose for awhile. Even today student go to the bars downtown and mix with the locals. There are rarely any incidents of deaths or injuries because of it though. The money generated by pizza shops, bars, taxi services and businesses due to the student influx is what keeps them afloat. On a lighter note, clerics needed some of the same things that modern students need. Money was a big necessity among students as it is today. In a letter home one student tells his sponsor that he is working very hard in school, and studying often, but he needs some money to pay for food, rent and other â€Å"unspecified† things (possibly beer money?). The way he words his letter makes it sound like he will not be able to go on learning without the timely delivery of some funds. The sponsor’s response shows that he knows the truth behind what the student has said. It humors me how students today do the same thing through emails and phone calls home. â€Å"I’m working so very hard in school, but the weekend is coming†¦ † Its all part of growing up and learning responsibility. In the end, life at a medieval university was not that much different from today’s experience. The focus on religion was very important, but reason came into play as well. Scholars were taught to question everything in order to get to the roots of a topic. Over time, there was a major shift from the theological answers to the scientific explanations of today. We test things in science with facts to find if they are true instead of looking toward God and scripture. As in life, there is a time for work and a time for play. We go to college because we know it is good for us, plus it gives us a little extra time in our lives to figure out what we want to be.

A Problem Assignment on Negligent Misstatement - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1713 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Cause and effect essay Tags: Contract Law Essay Did you like this example? Negligent Misstatement Elimination of the other two objects: First is about cleaner. The normal rules of negligence applied to the case of property owners and persons injured on the property. Because of this, the cleaner isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t the owner of the highly polished floor, which means cleaner doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have the duty of care to Dylan. On the other hand, about the floor polish manufacturer. The proprietor of store has more closely relationship to Dylan than manufacturer has. Besides, the owner of floor is proprietor, not the manufacturer, when the manufacturer translate the floor to the proprietor of store. As a result, cleaner and manufacturer donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have responsibility to Dylan. Duty of Care: This is very similar to the facts of Australian Safeway Store Pty Ltd v Zaluznaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, which applied the duty of care owned by property owners. Firstly, in this case, it is important to inspect whether Dylan and the proprietor of store satisfied the neighbour relationship. Dylan was a lawful customer. Quills was operating a store. At the meantime, Dylan injured on the highly polished floor, which is one part of ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s proprietor. The relationship between Dylan and Quills satisfied the neighbour test for duty set out in Donoghue v Stevenson, which means the proprietor of store must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which proprietor can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure proprietorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s neighbour (Dylan). In other word, the proprietor of store owe a duty to Dylan. Unlike the facts of Romeo v Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory (1988) 192 CLR 431 (High Court), this case the risk of highly polished floor is obviously by the proprietor, but not consumer. Because it is hard to inspect the smooth degree of floor by a normal consumer. Standard of Care/Breach: It is reasonable foreseeable that person will easily slip on the hi ghly polished floor. No reasonable Quills have taken reasonable care to protect the customers from foreseeable harm, which is the highly polished floor, such as Strong v Woolworths Ltd. The proprietor should put a warning plate before the highly polished area. Unfortunately, the proprietor didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t take any action to avoid this risk. As a result, the proprietor breach the duty of care. Damage: The issue here was factual causation. Dylan suffer considerable loss both on physical and economic. It was necessary to apply a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"but forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ test. Dylan would not suffer these lose, if the proprietor not breach the duty of care to him. As a result, the breach of care is the causation for the loss to Dylan, which cause him absence of four monthsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ work. Dylan will win a claim for loss of medical expenses and the damages which produced from the four months when he was out of work. This case is not similar with Metrolink Victoria Pty v Inglis (2009) VSCA 227. In Metrolink case, Inglis succeed for the loss of extra $7000 because it is reasonably foreseeable that crashing into a tram could lose the tram operator some revenue. In other word, the loss was not too remote. Similarly, Dylan will win the loss for out of work with four month and the expenses for medicine, because it is reasonably foreseeable that slipping on the highly polished floor could lose the revenue and paid medicine. However, the damages after four month will be hardly to remedy. The reason is that the proprietor of store impossible to recognise that Dylanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leg did not heal quickly because of a hereditary bone defect, which means this situation is not foreseeable to the proprietor. Moreover, the reason why Dylan had to take on lighter work is the deferred recovery. In a word, the proprietor of store doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have a liable to the damage caused by Dylanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lighter work. For moral appeals, th e proprietor of store would consider to negotiate to Dylan about his remedy for the time during his deferred recovery. The amount of damages depended on the detail of condition for an injury examined by accrediting body. Negligent Misstatement Jenny should sue Steve, the land surveyor in the employ of the Council Duty of Care: This is very similar to Tepko Pty Ltd v Water Boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case. whenever a person gives information or advice to another upon a serious matter in circumstances where the speaker realises, or ought to realise, that he is being trusted to give the best of his information or advice as a basis for action on the part of the other party and it is reasonable in the circumstances for the other party to act on the information or advice, the speaker comes under a duty to exercise reasonable care in the provision of the information or advice he chooses to give. Therefore, it is critical not only that the plaintiff relied on the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ¢â€ž ¢s advice or information, but also that the reliance reasonable in all the circumstance. In this case, there is no inducement to apply Jenny, who was thinking of purchasing five acres for a sheep farm, reliance was reasonable with the advice from Steve, who was a land surveyor in the employ of the Council. Subsequently, Steve own a duty of care to Jenny when advising the certain land was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“agricultural use onlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and confirming that the zoning would not be altered. Jenny had reasonable relied on his advice. Because Steve was a land surveyor and normally had expert knowledge and information from land. In other word, but for Steveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s advice, Jenny will not purchasing property. On the other hand, Steve failed to inform the water-supply plan to Meadows, which is the key aspect to this case. As a result, the action of Steve is negligent of misrepresentation. As the Section 18 ACL, the representation was made in trade or commerce and i t was misleading à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" therefore there was a breach of Section 18. Damages can be awarded because the breach of Section 18 caused the loss. Contract Law Mrs. Shi and her husband have a contract with Mr. Gao, similar with Todd v Nicol. There are three essential elements in contract. Offer and acceptance, intention to create contract, and consideration. Offer and acceptance: Mr. Gao have made an offer to Mrs.Shi and her husband to live with him. Although Mr. Gao has proposed to Mr. Shi and her husband should come to Melbourne to look after him. He also promised Mrs.Shi and her husband could live in the house rent free, and he would pay all expenses if they looked after him. Ms Shi and her husband sold their apartment and moved to Melbourne. Offer was existed when Mr Gao contacted his niece that invited her to come to Melbourne to look after him with free rent. Acceptance was existed when Ms Shi and her husband sold their apartment and went to Melbourne. Consid eration: Mrs. Shi sold their house, which was regarded as a consideration in the contract. Normally, the courts are reluctant to interfere a social or domestic arrangement. In Todd case, Todd quit her job, sold her furniture and moved with her daughter to South Australia. So the consideration were produced when Todd did these previous activities. In these case, Mrs. Shi and her husband sold their apartment before they move to Melbourne, which the apartment in shanghai, these factors which influenced the court were the cost of journey, the lack of any condition covering a possible return and the fact that if this was not an enforceable agreement Mrs. Shi and her husband would have been largely subject to what was no more than the whim of Mr.Gao. There are three essential elements of simple contracts. There are the unnecessary of formal document and written and requirement of consideration. As a result, with the existence of offer, acceptance and consideration, there is a contract. It is not a sample for social or domestic arrangement. Contract Law Harryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s advertisement is an Invitation to Treat in accordance with Partridge v Crittenden. Offer: as the case Harris v Nickerson, Partridge v Crittenden and Grainger Sons v Gough, an advertisement placed in media, normally, is regarded as an invitation to treat, not an offer. However, in this case, contract was existed when Doug accepted the price. Harry have made an offer to Doug in response to his invitation to treat. Doug rang and said he would pay $5,000 for the car. Harry has said that he will think the response to Doug for one week. Doug responded if he heard nothing from Harry within a week he would regard the car as his. So Doug accepted the offer from Harry. Acceptance: Harry did not responded to Doug in one week, which was regarded as a crucial issue through the whole case. Byrne Co v Van Tienhoven) revocation must communicate to offeree. There will be a contract if Harry ac cepted and responded the requests from Doug. Unfortunately, Harry didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t do any action. The similar case is Routledge v Grant. An offeror may make an offer conditional on the happening of a particular event. If that condition is not satisfied, the off lapses and cannot be accepted. According to this, in this case Doug has accepted Harryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offer before Harry may revoked which means that Harry has breached the contract with Doug before offer lapse. When no time limit is mentioned, the offer remains open for a reasonable time: Ramsgate Visctoria Hotel Co Ltd v Montefiore (1866) LR 1 Ex 109; Ballas v Theophilos (No 2) (1957) 98 CLR 193. However, in this case, there is a limit time for Harry responded to Doug, and he did not answered it. Doug can be awarded damages. Consideration Harry can revoke response that told Doug about a week for consideration before the deadline time. There may be a contract if Doug accept Harryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reques t. Because consideration is existed in that sentence. Harry will sale his car and Doug will have a week to have other opportunities to purchase other cars. Additional, the response of Doug revealed an additional terms. Doug would regard the car as his after a week with no response. This term was not mentioned by Harryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s response. In other word, it is a counter offer because of the additional term. Subsequently, with counter offer, Harry has a right to terminate his offer any time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Problem Assignment on Negligent Misstatement" essay for you Create order